The Faithfulness of Christ as a Theme in Paul's Theology Presentation Copy

This presentation by Dr. A.B. Caneday is a bit technical, but if you can follow the thought, you will find it helpful in understanding Paul's letter to the Galations.

Use of the Word θλῖψις (thlîpsis) In the New Testament

Thayer’s Lexicon: a pressing, pressing together, pressure
Metaphor: oppression, affliction, tribulation, distress, straits

Translated in the NASB as:

Affliction: Matthew 13:21; Mark 4:17, Acts 7:10, 7:11, 20:23; 2 Corinthians 1:4 (2 times), 1:8, 2:4, 4:17, 6:4, 7:4, 8:2, 8:13; Philippians 4:14; Colossians 1:24, 1 Thessalonians 3:3, 3:7, 2 Thessalonians 1:4, 1:6

Anguish: John 16:21

Distress: Philippians 1:17, James 1:27

Tribulation: Matthew 24:9, 24:21, 24:29; Mark 13:19, 13:24; John 16:33, Acts 14:22; Romans 2:9, 5:3, 8:35, 12:12; Ephesians 3:13; 1 Thessalonians 1:6; Hebrews 10:33; Revelation 1:9, 2:9, 2:10, 2:22, 7:14

Trouble: 1 Corinthians 7:28

This word study was precipitated by my involvement in a men's Bible study where we are studying the book of Revelation.

~ The Billy Goat ~

Notes on II Timothy 2:19b


1. The seal on the foundation

A verb form of this word is used to describe the sealing of the tomb of Jesus. Matthew 27:66

This same word is used in reference to the 7 seals in the book of Revelation.


2. The twofold inscription on this seal

A framework for understanding the two fold inscription.

God → (Mystery) ← Man


The first part of the inscription: God intimate knowing His people.

The OT background: Genesis 4: 1, 17, 25 (See also I Peter 3:7)
The word “know” describes the marriage union.

The NT References:

Matthew 7:22-23, John 10:14, 27, (See also Romans 8:29)


The second part of the inscription: The response or responsibility of God’s people.


They call on His name. Romans 10:13, Matthew 28:19

They depart from unrighteousness.

Depart – The aorist form of the verb used here is “apostato” i.e.: “apostate”. Hebrews 3:12

Unrighteousness - The alpha privative is prefixed to a word to negate it. “a-righteousness”.

How do we “apostate from a-righteousness”?

Titus 2:11 – Focus on God’s grace. “The grace of God has appeared…. teaching us that… we should live… righteously..”

I John 1:9 – Appropriate that grace in our lives. “..He is faithful… to cleanse us from all “a-rightousness”…”


These are my notes from a recent SS lesson I taught when filling in for the regular teacher. Our SS class is going through II Timothy.

~ The Billy Goat ~

Use of γηˆ in The New Testament


Another Greek word used in the New Testament that needs to be kept in mind when discussing the use of “aion” and “kosmos” is the word “ge”. The word “ge” is used approximately 252 times in the New Testament and is most often translated “earth”, but depending on context is also translated “ground” or “land”.

The following is a sampling of passages using the word “ge”:

Matthew 5:5 “…the meek shall inherit the “ge”…

Matthew 5:13 “...you are the salt of the “ge”…

Matthew 6:10, 19

“….Thy will be done on “ge” as it is in heaven...” “…Lay not up treasures on “ge”…”

Matthew 28:18 “All authority in heaven and on “ge” has been given to me.”

Matthew 13:8, Mark 4:8, and Luke 8:8 (Parable of the sower.)

The seed “…falls on the good “ge”…’ and in this context is correctly translated “ground”.

Acts 7 Stephan’s Speech – “ge” is used 8 times and in context is correctly translated “land”. For example”

“…the “ge” of the Chaldeans…” “…the “ge” of Egypt…” “…the “ge” of Midean…”

For Future Study: The Use of “Kosmos” and “Ge” in the book of Revelations

Of the approximately 252 times “ge” is used in the NT, about 77 of those times are in the book of Revelation. That is more then any other NT book, and accounts for over 30% of the use of “ge” in the NT.

Of the approximately 189 times “Kosmos” is used in the NT, only 3 of those are in the book of Revelation. That is less then 2% of the NT use of “kosmos”.

The extensive and almost exclusive use of the word “ge” in the book of Revelation is very important when considering the structure and meaning of that NT book, especially as “ge” carries an almost exclusive ontological meaning in contrast to the moral meanings associated with “kosmos” and “aion”.

References:

Young's Analytical Concordence
Greek/English Interliner NT (Nestle/Aland Text.)

For His glory,

The use of Greek Words Translated “world” in Selected NT Passages

This list of verses is from a SS handout our Pastor gave to us. I used my interliner Greek/English NT to identify the Greek words used.

Romans 1:20 - Kosmos is translated as “world”

Romans 12:2 – Aion - has the basic meaning of “age”. Here it is translated as “world”

I Corinthians 1:20-21; 3:19

“…debater of this “aion”...God made foolish the wisdom of this “kosmos”…the “kosmos” did not know God… 3:19 “…the wisdom of this “kosmos”..


Galatians 6:14 – “..the”kosmos” has been crucified to me, and I to the “kosmos”…

Colossians 2:20-23 – “…you died to the elementary principles of the “kosmos”…

I Timothy 6:7 – “…we brought nothing into the “kosmos”…”

James 4:4 – “…friendship with the “kosmos”…”

I John 2:15-17 – “Do not love the “kosmos”….”
(Kosmos translated “world” 4 times in this passage.)

I John 3:13 – “…the “kosmos” hates you…”

I John 4:4-5 – (Kosmos is used 4 times and translated “world”.)

I John 5:19 – “…the whole “kosmos” lies in the power of the evil one…”

Matthew 28:19-20 – “…I am with you always, to the end of the “aion”…”

(Another important passage for understanding “aion” is Galatians 1:4 “…the present evil “aion”…”)

In His grace,

~ The Billy Goat ~

A Brief Study of the Greek New Testament use of the word “PATHOS”

Bauer, Arndt, & Gingrich say pathos as it is used in the New Testament, means “passion”. Passion is defined as that which involves powerful or compelling emotions. (Merriam-Webster)

PATHOS

Romans 1:26 For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, (NASB)

Colossians 3:5
Therefore consider the members of your earthly body as dead to immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed, which amounts to idolatry. (NASB)

1 Thessalonians 4:3-5
For this is the will of God, your sanctification; that is, that you abstain from sexual immorality; that each of you know how to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in lustful passion, like the Gentiles who do not know God; (NASB)


HOMOIOPATHES:

Acts 14:14-15a
But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard of it, they tore their robes and rushed out into the crowd, crying out and saying, "Men, why are you doing these things? We are also men of the same nature as you, and preach the gospel to you that you should turn from these vain things to a living God… (NASB)

Which when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of, they rent their clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out, and saying, Sirs, why do ye these things? We also are men of like passions with you, and preach unto you that ye should turn from these vanities unto the living God... (KJV)

James 5:17
Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the earth for three years and six months. (NASB)

Elias was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain: and it rained not on the earth by the space of three years and six months. (KJV)


SUMPATHEO:

Hebrews 4:15
For we do not have a high priest who cannot sympathize with our weaknesses, but One who has been tempted in all things as we are, yet without sin. (NASB)

For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. (KJV)

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I hope this brief study gives you some idea of what it means for us to be encouraged to pray, given the example of Elijah. The focus of James is not that Elijah is different from us in his prophetic office, but we share with him a common humanity.

Perhaps more wonderful is how Jesus Christ can understand "the feeling of our infirmities"... Glory be to God and to the Lamb...

~ The Billy Goat ~

Bible Gateway On-line Search for the word “Grace” in the New Testament
As used in Young's Literal Translation (Edited)

Words in quotes indicate how “charis” or a form of “charis” is translated in the NASB.

Luke 2:40, 6:32-34 “credit”

John 1:14, 1:16, 1:17

Acts 4:33, 11:23, 13:43, 14:3, 14:26, 15:11, 15:40, 18:27, 20:24, 20:32

Romans 1:5, 1:7, 3:24, 4:4 “favor”, 4:16, 5:2, 5:15, 5:17, 5:20, 5:21, 6:1, 6:14, 6:15, 11:5, 11:6, 12:3, 12:6,
15:15, 16:20, 16:24

1 Corinthians 1:3, 1:4, 3:10, 15:10, 16:23

2 Corinthians 1:2, 1:12, 4:15, 6:1, 8:1, 8:7 “gracious work”, 8:9, 9:8, 9:14, 12:9, 13:14

Galatians 1:3, 1:6, 1:15, 2:9, 2:21, 5:4, 6:18

Ephesians 1:2, 1:6, 1:7, 2:5, 2:7, 2:8, 3:2, 3:7, 3:8, 4:7, 4:29, 6:24

Philippians 1:2, 1:7, 4:23

Colossians 1:2, 1:6, 3:16 “chariti – thanksgiving”, 4:6, 4:18

1 Thessalonians 1:1, 5:28

2 Thessalonians 1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18

1 Timothy 1:2, 1:14, 6:21

2 Timothy 1:2, 1:9, 2:1, 4:22

Titus 1:4, 2:11, 3:7, 3:15

Philemon 1:3, 1:25

Hebrews 2:9,4:16, 10:29, 12:15, 12:28 “show gratitude”, 13:9, 13:25

James 4:6

1 Peter 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12

2 Peter 1:2, 3:18

2 John 1:3

Jude 1:4

Revelation 1:4, 22:21

This list was compiled as handout for a men's Bible study on "Grasping Grace". A study of the verses on this list will give you a good grounding in how the Bible uses the word "grace".

~ The Billy Goat ~